What I learnt, photographing the moon, has been quite interesting.
You need a lens like 600 to 1000 zoom length. You need a very good SLR. You need a very steady hand, as even mounting it on a tripod and using remote exposure has many tricky issues, the reason? Getting the moon in the centre of the view is a challenge, since at that zoom, the moon is moving very fast!
The moon is a very bright object. You need to set a fast exposure, a large aperture, and work on getting the focus right. Take many shots. Only one of them will be good.
Finally, some post-processing doesn\'t harm the photo. I used my favourite, Photoshop Express.
Here is a shot just the other night, right one day after the Lunar Eclipse.
Camera Canon 5D Mk II, Tamron 28-300 VR, 2X doubler, hand-held. exposure 1/320, F6.3, Manual focus.