Friday, September 30, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam III.08 - 30 September 2022



॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Friday, 30 September 2022 - Maitreya begins his narration.

*** 
I don’t have to point out that we have seen many recursive stories, with frequent references to the same episodes with a twist. This is like a wonderful cloth woven with a beautiful, repetitive design. 

We saw briefly how the Suta narrates Srimad Bhagavatam to the rishis headed by Shaunaka, how Sage Narada narrates the Srimad Bhagavatam to Sage Vyasa, and how Sri Shuka narrates the scripture, as documented and taught to him by his father Vyasa, to King Parikshit, how Sri Krishna narrates it to Uddhava, how Maha Vishnu gave it to Lord Brahma who then gave it to Sage Narada, and now we see how Vidura receives it!

It is no doubt confusing but the idea is that this sacred scripture has been handed down through the best vehicles of wisdom in a grand tradition. As long as we gather that point, we are fine. 

The stories of specific incarnations will come soon! 

***

The great sage Maitreya compliments Vidura. Belonging to the dynasty of Kurus, ready for Bhakti, Vidura has raised questions that call for a recitation again of the Srimad Bhagavatam. There is also a hint that each narrative has some twist.

“Vidura, the Lord Himself gave this to rishis and seekers ready for the liberating teaching of Bhakti. They were all dispassionate about this life.”

“Some time ago, Sanatkumara, the chief of the boy-saints, accompanied by other great sages, approached Sankarshana with these very questions. Sankarshana was the great snake supporting the world from the nether region.”

(At this point, I must mention that the name Sankarshana is used for Balarama, known to be an incarnation of Adi Shesha. So we can connect the dots.)

“The divinely endowed Sankarshana was in meditation on the Lord. He slightly opened his lotus-like eyes and spoke.”

Vyasa the poet slips in this bit: Having descended via the Ganga river, the matted locks of the sages were wet, as they touched Sankarshana’s feet. His feet were often worshipped by the serpent king’s daughters to get blessed with good husbands.

“As the sages began to chant Sri Hari’s name, Sanakarshana was moved and opened his eyes. He had a thousand hoods, each encrusted with a splendid jewel, and adorned with a  crown. He happily taught them the Srimad Bhagavatam. Sanatkumara in turn gave it to Sage Sankhyayana. In his turn, as Sankhyayana narrated the Srimad Bhagavatam, it was received by Sage Parashara (father of Sage Vyasa and the author of Vishnu Purana) and Brihaspati himself! Parashara then gave it to me, Maitreya.”

“The Lord in primordial condition lay as Garbhodakashayi on the great snake Ananta (Adishesha) in the waters, and was in Yoga Nidra for a very long time (a few aeons). When Brahma was born in a lotus that arose from His navel, Brahma looked around to see what he was to do. He had a fuzzy memory from the past that he should undertake the creation process, but did not know where to start. Just like the potent fire dwells within fuel wood, the Lord remained within the water of dissolution, submerging all the living entities in their subtle bodies. He lay in the self-invigorated energy called Kala (Time). The living entities would emerge from His body. As the force of Maya or Kala Shakti stirred Him, a lotus arose from His navel.”

Note: in the beginning, there was only one to witness what happened to Brahma other than the Lord. That was Adishesha alias Sankarshana. No wonder the Sanatkumaras got this story from him! 

“That lotus was luminous like the sun and dried up the waters of dissolution, setting the stage for creation. Maha Vishnu entered that lotus as Paramatman and impregnated it, creating Lord Brahma, the embodiment of the Vedas.”

“Lord Brahma knew not what he had to do. He looked all around and grew four heads/faces.
“Brahma could not understand for what purpose and by whom he had been created. He decided to enter the lotus stem and work his way, which he did, but still could not fathom the Lord.”

“Brahma reached the Lord’s chakra, which is nothing but the Kalachakra. It generates the fear of death in all living beings.”

“Brahma also saw Adishesha, with his bejewelled and crowned a thousand heads, on which Vishnu rested, but still he was confused.”

We read before that Brahma then meditated because he heard "Tapa Tapa". 

“Brahma then meditated hard for a hundred years, and at last manifested Maha Vishnu in his own heart. The luminosity of the Lord now illuminated all directions. What he saw as the form of Maha Vishnu was wonderful.”

प्रेक्षां क्षिपन्तं हरितोपलाद्रे: सन्ध्याभ्रनीवेरुरुरुक्‍ममूर्ध्न: । रत्नोदधारौषधिसौमनस्य वनस्रजो वेणुभुजाङ्‌घ्रि पाङ्‌घ्रे : ॥
आयामतो विस्तरत: स्वमानदेहेन लोकत्रयसंग्रहेण ।विचित्रदिव्याभरणांशुकानां कृतश्रियापाश्रितवेषदेहम् ॥
पुंसां स्वकामाय विविक्तमार्गैरभ्यर्चतां कामुदुघाङ्‌घ्रि पद्मम् । प्रदर्शयन्तं कृपया नखेन्दुमयूखभिन्नाङ्गुलिचारुपत्रम् ॥

T: “The Lord’s dusky appearance in His golden garment beggared the emerald mountain lit by the evening sky. He held all creation in its seed form within. His divine body decorated with exquisite jewels and flowers and Tulasi leaves beggared anything else considered beautiful in creation.”

A question arises: how does the poet employ such comparisons when the creation was not done yet? Remember we all are a part of the creation and Maitreya is in our midst using comparisons to make us understand. Also, although no creation had yet taken place in this cycle, Brahma recalled in a fuzzy way life from previous cycles. Thus he thought of those similes.

The poet describes the beauty of the Lord’s feet and fingernails, to give an idea of how wonderful was the vision given to Brahma after his long Tapas.

Brahma now saw the Lord in His complete form and understood what was expected of him by the Lord. He began to pray to the Lord.

***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥





Thursday, September 29, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam III.07 - 29 September 2022


॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Thursday, 29 September 2022 - Vidura has a lot of questions.

*** 
Anyone who had heard of the Lord’s transcendence and eternal bliss, after listening to Sage Maitreya’s narration of the process of creation, will have many questions. Those were  voiced by Vidura.

In a pleasant voice, Vidura asked:

ब्रह्मन्कथं भगवतश्चिन्मात्रस्याविकारिणः। लीलया चापि युज्येरन्निर्गुणस्य गुणाः क्रियाः॥
क्रीडयामुद्यमोऽर्भस्य कामश्चिक्रीडिषान्यतः। स्वतस्तृप्तस्य च कथं निवृत्तस्य सदान्यतः॥
T: “Respected sir, how come the Gunas got associated with the Lord who is of the nature of supreme consciousness alone, with no modifications ever, with no Gunas in Himself, even if it were in a sport? Of course, a mere child can be drawn into play by offering inducements and attractions. When the Lord is otherwise eternally self-satisfied, and never bogged down, how can He be induced to play?”  

“You say He creates and regulates and dissolves everything only through His Maya. There are no constraints of space and time for the Lord’s nature. Then how come He got connected with Maya? If you call it Karma, it is not understandable as the Lord is the Eternal Witness and is never involved. All these questions are tormenting me. Kindly give me clarity.”

Sage Maitreya welcomed the questions with a smile. 

“Of course, Vidura, if the Lord, Ishwara, gets entangled, that would be contrary to the definition of the Lord. But yet, we can explain creation as only a sport of Maya. It is like a man, when asleep, may dream that he has cut off his own head! But it is a dream that vanishes on the man’s waking up. The Gunas are like the waves on the lake that make the image of the moon full of ripples when the real moon is undisturbed. So man’s delusion on account of Maya is slowly removed by Vasudeva’s grace when man practises detachment and Bhagavad-Bhakti Yoga.”

“By focussing all senses in Sri Hari, becoming calm much like Bhagavan as He sleeps in Yoga Nidra with no distractions, man’s difficulties with Maya will vanish. By hearing Murari’s glorious stories, all troubles are erased. Once one is settled at His lotus feet, inhaling their pollen, one’s mind is forever detached.”

Vidura responded. “Oh, Sage, you have slashed with the sword of insight (सूक्ति)  all my doubts. Now I know why Bhagavan is not bound and man is bound by Maya. I think that there are two types of people without care or distress. The first type is those too dull to even think, who go through life like animals in ignorance. And the second type is those liberated after attaining Bhagavan. The rest like us experience all troubles. Now I know, by your grace, that all creation, objects and beings are indeed the Non-Atman (अनात्म) and don’t really exist. I should now serve your feet and remove my delusion, and attain high devotion to Madhusudana and bliss. One goes beyond birth and death by association with Mahatmas. They are always in communion with the Lord (वैकुण्ठवर्त्मसु) and sing His praises constantly.”

“As you explained, the Lord created Virat Purusha, with Mahattattva and other parts, and through those parts which He entered into came out this creation. Thus came out all progeny. Can you elaborate on that process? Can you kindly chronicle the stories of the generations of Manus and various kings? What is the span and nature of this Bhuloka (earth sphere)? How did various non-human species, humans, gods, animals that move by sliding, birds, and life forms born in sweat, born in decaying matter, in eggs etc., come into being? What are Sri Hari’s sports assuming the form of the Trinity- Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesha? What are His sports for creation, sustenance and dissolution?”

“Sir, Indeed the Lord has also created the Vedas, the ascetic way of life, rituals, Yoga, Jnana, the discriminatory path of Sankhya, and even devious paths that draw man away from the Lord! How did different men take up those many paths?”

“What are the merits accruing to man from Dana (charity), Tapas (austerity), Yatra (pilgrimage), Pitru Karma (ancestral rites)? By what is Bhagavan Janardana pleased?”

“How do those gods (deities) serve the Lord? Especially when He is in Yoga Nidra? What is the process of cosmic dissolution?”

पुरुषस्य च संस्थानं स्वरूपं वा परस्य च। ज्ञानं च नैगमं यत्तद्गुरुशिष्यप्रयोजनम् ॥
T: Kindly explain about Ishwara and Jiva, the knowledge contained in the Upanishads, and the importance and value of the Guru-Shishya relationship.”

“Many learned seekers have etched out different paths. Please tell me about them. Indeed I am dulled in mind. But you are my supreme benefactor. I think as follows.”

सर्वे वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च तपो दानानि चानघ। जीवाभयप्रदानस्य न कुर्वीरन् कलामपि॥
T: “The study of all the Vedas, the performance of all Yajnas, charity and austerity do not confer even a one-sixteenth of the needed effect of removing man’s fear of life and death. Only the Guru can give that wisdom.”

***
Sri Shuka smilingly explains that Maitreya began to give his answers to these queries.

***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥




Wednesday, September 28, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam III.06 - 28 September 2022



॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Wednesday, 28 September 2022 - Sage Maitreya’s instruction to Vidura continues on the subject of creation.

It is vital for us to understand how the universe as we see it came into existence. After several thousand years of scientific observation and inference, they suggested the Big Bang theory, and the God Particle. However, studies in 2022 have opposed that inference. The search continues for the truth about this.

But according to Sanatana Dharma, Ishwara created this universe as a combination of matter, energy and consciousness out of Himself. This is described in a very interesting way for us here, with imagery of an infinitely big Virat Purusha.

***

The Sage Maitreya continued:

The Lord noticed that the Mahattattva was unable to coalesce into a concrete creation as the components thereof remained disparate. Therefore, with His energy, called Kaala here (also interpreted as Kali in some texts), He combined and entered into the 23 parts, viz. the mind and five senses of action and five senses of perception, the Mahattattva, Ahankara, five tanmatras (subtle elements), five gross elements, all making up the 23 parts. This started the process of manifestation, and the entities as it were woke up from sleep.

When the 23 principal parts were set in action by the Lord’s will, the gigantic universal form, or the Virat Purusha, came into existence. That held all unmoving and moving elements of creation.
The gigantic Virat Puruṣa, known as Hiranmaya, lived for one thousand celestial years on the water of the universe, and all the living entities lay with Him.

The Virat Purusha had three potencies - Devashakti (consciousness), Kriyashakti (action) and Bhoktrishakti (enjoying).

The Devashakti is the divine spirit functioning in all. The Kriyashakti is the five Pranas and their respective functions, and Bhoktrishakti consists of the triad of Adhyatmikaa, Adhidaivikaa and Adhibhautika.

The Virat Purusha was the first incarnation of the Bhagavan. From the Virat Purusha, all beings are created.

His three associations are the indriyas (Adhyatmika), connected with the deities (Adhidaivika) and Adhibhautika (the body).

In answer to the prayers of the deities (gods mentioned before), the Lord manifested as the Virat Purusha, and they found their respective places in this being.

Agni took his place in the mouth for speech. Varuna took his place in the tongue for taste. The Ashwini twins took their place in the nose for smell.  Surya took his place in the eyes for sight. Vayu took his place in the skin for touch. The Dikpalas took their place in the ears for hearing.

Hair on the skin caused the oushadhis and also the faculty of sensation.

Prajapati took his place in the genital organ, for sexual function and pleasure. Mitra took his place in the organ of excretion.

Indra took his place in the arms for dexterity. Vishnu took his place in the legs to enable walking.

In the heart settled Chandrama for the mind (emotion) to function. Ahankara was occupied by Rudra with his sense of will and I-ness. Brahma took his place in the Intellect.

All living entities, humans and animals, dwell in the region from the head (heaven) to the feet (earth) around the navel. They all have the three Gunas.

Devas with Sattva in the main, are in his head. Humans with Rajas occupy the earth. The attendants of Rudra represent Tamas and are in his navel.

Brahmanas, exemplars and teachers of the community, came from His face. Kshatriyas, with the art of protection and committed leadership, came from His arms. The Vaishyas, generating wealth for the good of all, came from His thighs. The occupation of service essential to the upholding of Dharma came from His feet.

एते वर्णाः स्वधर्मेण यजन्ति स्वगुरुं हरिम्। श्रद्धयात्मविशुद्ध्यर्थं यज्जाताः सह वृत्तिभिः॥
T: All these Varnas arose from the Lord Sri Hari whom they worship by excellence in what they are naturally equipped to do, with faith and devotion for their own self-purification.

Who, Vidura, can hope to describe the Lord and His glories? His mysterious Maya includes the phenomena of Time, Karma and Nature! But I want to purify my speech so I shall speak about the Lord. Indeed, man is equipped with the faculty of speech only to sing His glories.
Similarly, his ears are meant to listen to the Lord’s splendour.

Lord Brahma, after a thousand divine years of tapas, could not understand the unending glories of the Lord. So did the best of yogis struggle to comprehend even a bit of His Maya. In fact, perhaps even the Lord cannot understand the power of His Yoga Maya!

Therefore my salutations to the Lord whom neither words can describe nor the mind understands and even the deities are bewildered about!

***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥




Tuesday, September 27, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam III.05 - 27 September 2022



॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Tuesday, 27 September 2022 - Vidura and Maitreya have a dialogue.

***

Let me share some thoughts on what we take away from the Srimad Bhagavatam. I remember the adage, “Don’t lose the wood for the trees.” While we read and consider engrossing stories of situations and personalities, we should not miss the grand thread running through all the stories that we read. Whether it is Brahma, or Bhishma, or Kunti, or Uddhava or Vidura, everyone has three essential qualities.
They have seen the impermanence or hollowness of material enjoyments.
They have a seeking for the higher goal of liberation.
They pray fervently to the manifest God, Maha Vishnu or Sri Krishna.
As long as our reading of the Srimad Bhagavatam instils in us these same qualities, the goal is served,  not otherwise.

***
Vidura, full of devotional seeking, reached Haridwar on the bank of the Ganga and met Sage Maitreya. He wanted to ask many questions.
Everyone in this world engages in fruitive activities to attain happiness, but one finds neither satiation nor the mitigation of distress. In fact, most are miserable. What is the key to true happiness?
Great sages like Maitreya are representatives of the Lord travelling the earth to give guidance and succour. So Vidura pleads for instruction.
How to pray sincerely and single-pointedly to the Lord seated in one’s heart? Is that not the only way to benefit from the profound truths of the Vedas?
How does Ishwara, the Supreme Being, incarnate, and create, the three worlds such that He maintains them in a regulated way?
The Lord lies in the cosmic sky, and expands into so many living entities, and yet stays distinct from all creation. How?
How does the Lord incarnate for the welfare of the good and the devout?
The Lord creates beings to become rulers, both gods and kings. How does He organise them?

येन प्रजानामुत आत्मकर्मरूपाभिधानां य भिदां व्यधत्त ।नारायणो विश्वसृगात्मयोनिरेतच्च नो वर्णय विप्रवर्य ॥
T: “Oh noble Brahmin, how does Narayana, the Originator, Himself unborn, infuse the attributes of individualised beings with their different activities and propensities?”

“Oh, Sage! I have heard repeatedly from Sage Vyasa about nobler and lesser beings. But I am still not satisfied and want to hear more about Sri Krishna. Vyasa is your good friend and has authored the epic Mahabharata to describe the glory of Bhagavan and His great teaching in the Srimad Bhagavadgita. That when absorbed indeed transforms any true seeker. But those averse to such topics engage at best in rituals and material pursuits. They don’t develop detachment.
Therefore, oh, Sage, just as bees collect honey from flowers, kindly describe the essence of all topics — the topics of the Lord. Kindly narrate the glories of Bhagavan!”

The sage Maitreya was delighted and began:

“Oh, Vidura! Glory to you. You have developed deep dispassion and devotion and have helped many. Your arrival is most welcome. I am not surprised about this because I know you were sired by Sage Vyasa himself as the son of a dasi serving the Kaurava king who was Sage Vyasa’s step-brother. I do know that you are Lord Yama, born as a human as a result of a curse. Your devotion to Sri Krishna made him tell me before his passing that I should give you spiritual instruction. I shall therefore gladly tell you how the Lord extends His powers for the creation, maintenance and dissolution of the cosmic world as they occur one after another.”


भगवानेक आसेदमग्र आत्मात्मनां विभु: । आत्मेच्छानुगतावात्मा नानामत्युपलक्षण: ॥

स वा एष तदा द्रष्टा नापश्यद् द‍ृश्यमेकराट् । मेनेऽसन्तमिवात्मानं सुप्तशक्तिरसुप्तद‍ृक् ॥

सा वा एतस्य संद्रष्टु: शक्ति: सदसदात्मिका । माया नाम महाभाग ययेदं निर्ममे विभु: ॥

T: “The Lord existed prior to the creation as one without a second. It is by His will only that creation is made possible and again everything merges in Him. This Supreme Being is called by different names. Because the Lord wanted to create the many, He used his dormant material energy. The Lord alone is the seer, and the external energy, which is seen, works as both cause and effect in the cosmic manifestation. Vidura! This external energy is known as Maya or illusion, and through her agency alone is the entire material manifestation made possible.”

“The Lord plants the seed in material nature and over time all entities come into being.
The material nature is called the Mahattattva and manifested out of the Lord’s will for Him to plant the seed in Mahattattva for creation. Indeed Mahattattva is the source of all ignorance that creates a false sense of ego due to multiplicity. Thus the ego becomes the triad  (वैकारिक, तैजस, तामस) of cause, effect and the doer. Projected from the mind, the five elements, the human senses and the human mind come into being. Thus also are born the three Gunas, Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.”

Sage Maitreya then described the way the Lord created the five elements like the sky, water, fire, air and earth. He emphasised that matter needed the “glance of the Lord” to become active.


The various gods controlling these elements are His representatives, empowered to perform specific duties. Thus they are only an expanded manifestation of the Lord.

These gods, when created, began to pray to Maha Vishnu.

“Oh, Lord, your lotus feet protect all entities. Sages who surrender to you throw away material miseries. They travel on the wings of the Vedas, searching for You.

यत्सानुबन्धेऽसति देहगेहे ममाहमित्यूढदुराग्रहाणाम् । पुंसां सुदूरं वसतोऽपि पुर्यां भजेम तत्ते भगवन् पदाब्जम् ॥
T: “Oh, Lord, unlike those entangled in the material world with ideas of “I” and “Mine”, we surrender to Your lotus feet.”
“Those who develop devotion to Your lotus feet are liberated. We are therefore all from You alone, born as separate gods by the influence of the three Gunas. We shall function in coordination to please You. Please instruct us on how to serve You.”

***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥



Monday, September 26, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam III.04 - 26 September 2022



॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Monday, 26 September 2022 - Uddhava directs Vidura as advised by Sri Krishna to go to Sage Maitreya for spiritual instruction.

***
The self-destruction of the Yadus was sordid indeed.

अथ ते तदनुज्ञाता भुक्त्वा पीत्वा च वारुणीम् । तया विभ्रंशितज्ञाना दुरुक्तैर्मर्म पस्पृश: ॥
T: Thereafter, as Fate willed it, the Yadus all got drunk terribly on the intoxicant Varuni, and began hurling abuses at one another.  Soon they came to blows and in a bloody battle, destroyed themselves.

भगवान् स्वात्ममायाया गतिं तामवलोक्य स: । सरस्वतीमुपस्पृश्य वृक्षमूलमुपाविशत् ॥
Seeing the turn of events, Bhagavan Sri Krishna went away to the bank of the river Saraswati and settled under a tree. Uddhava went in search and located him. 

श्यामावदातं विरजं प्रशान्तारुणलोचनम् ।दोर्भिश्चतुर्भिर्विदितं पीतकौशाम्बरेण च ॥
T: Uddhava witnessed a pensive Sri Krishna, still looking every bit as glorious as before, in his dusky complexion, full of peace within, with his reddish eyes, displaying his four hands and wearing the golden silken garment. He lay with his right leg crossed over his left thigh, under an Ashwattha tree.

Then Sage Maitreya, traversing many regions, arrived there. A friend of Sage Vyasa, he was a great devotee of the Lord. As he stood by in devotion, Sri Krishna addressed Uddhava.

“Oh, dear friend, you are an incarnation of one of the Vasus (divine guardians). I know you have longed for my company and that is why I have granted this meeting.  You shall reach Vaikuntha at the end of this birth, by the merit of your Bhakti.”

पुरा मया प्रोक्तमजाय नाभ्ये पद्मे निषण्णाय ममादिसर्गे । ज्ञानं परं मन्महिमावभासं यत्सूरयो भागवतं वदन्ति ॥
T: “Oh, Uddhava, very long ago, I have given to Brahma the spiritual instruction about my eternal transcendent glory, and that instruction is now called Srimad Bhagavatam by the sages.”

Uddhava was thrilled at that moment and managed to say:” Oh, dear Lord, I know how seekers strive after the four Purusharthas, viz. Dharma Artha Kama and Moksha. None of these appeal to me. Please grant me devotional service to you forever.”

Uddhava also spoke his mind: “Oh Lord, I am bewildered as much as the sages about your sports and pastimes in your human form, living a householder’s life. You have even played the game of running away from the enemy. You have sported with women. You are beyond Time and Knowledge and yet you have encouraged me on occasion in the past to give you worldly advice! So please grant me that supreme knowledge about your mystery that you gave to Lord Brahma before!”

Sri Krishna agreed and graciously gave Uddhava that supreme knowledge. This is covered as Uddhava Gita in the tenth Skandha.

***

Uddhava now tells that he is moving about like a mad man, and feels an intense longing for the Lord. He is proceeding to Badarikashrama as advised by the Lord.where Nara-Narayana, incarnations of Bhagavan Maha Vishnu, have been in deep meditation for aeons for the welfare of all. 

Vidura marvels at Uddhava’s receiving such grace from Lord Sri Krishna. Vidura requests Uddhava: Would Uddhava kindly transfer that knowledge to Vidura now? Uddhava replies that it is the Lord’s specific message for Vidura (that he has left with Uddhava) that Vidura should approach Sage Maitreya for spiritual instruction.

***

While listening to all this from Sage Shuka, King Parikshit wondered, when all the Yadus died, why and how was Uddhava spared? Shuka explained that the sage’s curse that actualised the destruction of the Yadus was only the Lord’s play. Sri Krishna wanted Uddhava to remain on earth after Sri Krishna’s own ascent so that he would spread the Bhagavata dharma for the welfare of all.

***
Vidura now began to cry, in response to all that he had heard, especially the passing of Sri Krishna. He then slowly proceeded to the bank of the Ganga where Sage Maitreya was staying.


***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥


Sunday, September 25, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam III.03 - 25 September 2022


॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Sunday, 25 September 2022 - The third chapter of the third Skandha- Uddhava continues to narrate the life of Sri Krishna.

***
After he vanquished Kamsa and installed Ugrasena on the throne, releasing his parents Devaki and Vasudeva from prison, Sri Krishna went to the gurukula.

सान्दीपनेः सकृत्प्रोक्तं ब्रह्माधीत्य सविस्तरम्। तस्मै प्रादाद्वरं पुत्रं मृतं पञ्चजनोदरात्॥
T: Sage Sandipani taught Sri Krishna (and Balarama) the entire Vedas that Sri Krishna mastered by listening just once. Thereafter, he brought back the Guru’s son from the dead by extracting him from inside the demon Panchajana undersea. Thus he removed the Guru’s and Gurumata’s sorrow.

Sri Krishna married Princess Rukmini, daughter of King Bhishmaka, in the Gandharva ceremony (by mutual love and not arrangement), after defeating Shishupala and others who wanted to force her into marrying Shishupala. 

Sri Krishna won the hand of Princess Satyabhama by taming seven wild bulls in a contest. He also brought the Parijata tree from heaven to please her.

Sri Krishna killed Narakasura, son of Mother Earth, a demon who had subjugated all kings and abducted thousands of helpless princesses. After their release, on their submission, he married all those princesses. Using his Maya shakti, Sri Krishna cohabited with each one by creating the same number of Sri Krishnas. Each bride had her own palace and begot ten sons from Sri Krishna.

Thereafter, Sri Krishna had to vanquish a large number of evil kings who attacked and beleaguered Mathura. He made his warriors kill them to show his powers of delegation, too. Similarly, he supervised the Kurukshetra battle for restoring Dharma.

Sri Krishna realized that the Yadu clan was the new threat to peace in the world as they were swollen with power and unbridled in their acts. He willed that the Yadu dynasty should be ended by internal strife after he would give up his physical form soon.

Establishing Yudhishthira on the throne in Hastinapura, Sri Krishna made him perform three Ashwamedha yajnas well. Yudhishthira ruled the whole world as a good king.

Sri Krishna also saved the unborn child of Uttara, the bride of Abhimanyu, from the Brahmastra of Ashwatthama.

भगवान् अपि विश्वात्मा लोकवेदपथानुगः। कामान्निषेवे द्वार्वत्यामसक्तः साङ्ख्यमास्थितः॥
स्निग्धस्मितावलोकेन वाचा पीयूषकल्पया। चरित्रेणानवद्येन श्रीनिकेतेन चात्मना॥
T: The Lord then stayed in Dwaraka, observing all societal norms and accepted behaviour for enjoying a householder’s life, but subduing his desires following the Sankhya philosophy and practising total detachment.

Sri Krishna was sweet, ever smiling, and kind to all. His voice was nectarine, his behaviour was totally blemishless, and he was the embodiment of beauty. He continued to give great joy to the Yadus and everyone else in this world.

After many years of living in this way, the Lord lost interest in his householder’s life. After all, all worldly enjoyment and all material attractions are ever under the control of the Supreme Being, ishwara. 

Seeing someone as powerful, successful and prosperous as Sri Krishna in Dwaraka losing interest in material pleasures, a true devotee will learn a powerful lesson.

Once some Yadavas misbehaved with a sage and earned his terrible curse that they would soon destroy one another in a senseless battle. This curse was pronounced by the sage knowing the intention of the Lord.

A short time later,  the Yadavas departed from Dwaraka after making many generous gifts to sages and Brahmins. They took all their belongings on a journey and went to Prabhasa.
 
This was also willed by Sri Krishna and only his true devotees stayed back with him.

***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥




Saturday, September 24, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam III. 02 - 24 September 2022



॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Saturday, 24 September 2022 - The second chapter of the third Skandha- Uddhava goes into raptures of melancholy and devotion, speaking about Sri Krishna.
***
इति भागवतः पृष्टः क्षत्रा वार्तां प्रियाश्रयाम्। प्रतिवक्तुं न चोत्सेह औत्कण्ठ्यात् स्मारितेश्वरः॥
T: Thus questioned by the royal minister Vidura about the welfare of his dear Sri Krishna and family, the devotee Uddhava choked with emotion thinking of Sri Krishna and their separation.

Uddhava had known Sri Krishna from the age of five. He had served Sri Krishna ardently for a long time and had grown old in that position. Remembering his Lord’s feet, he found it difficult to reply.

After several moments of divine communion and its bliss, he managed to find his voice.

Wiping away his tears, he spoke:

The sun called Sri Krishna has set, oh, Vidura! How can I bring myself to speak of the utter sorrow of us all plunged into darkness, swallowed by the serpent called Time? Pity the Yadavas who lived so close to Sri Krishna and yet never got an inkling of his divinity, much like the fish in the lake cannot appreciate the glorious reflection of the moon in it. The Yadavas were mighty and influential and considered Sri Krishna merely a distinguished clan chief. Only their ignorance of Sri Krishna’s divinity made him relinquish this world. 

यन्मर्त्यलीलौपयिकं स्वयोगमायाबलं दर्शयिता गृहीतम्। विस्मापनं स्वस्य च सौभगर्द्धेः परं पदं भूषणभूषणाङ्गम्॥
T: How can one describe the glory of the Lord who came through His Yoga Maya and displayed so many lilas (pastimes as a sport) of such incredible glory and beauty! His form was the embodiment of all beauty and prosperity in creation! His sport would have dazzled even Maha Vishnu!

In the Rajasuya court, when King Yudhishthira worshipped Sri Krishna, everyone marvelled at Sri Krishna's glory, saying that Lord Brahma had used up all his devices and put everything great into this one person. The way Sri Krishna would smile and delight the gopis just by his glances! He shared the task of relieving the misery of the oppressed with his amsha avatara Balarama. They emerged like the fire hidden in firewood! The Lord who is eternal and unborn took birth as the son of Vasudeva and Devaki. The Lord of the three worlds bowed to his parents and sought forgiveness for not freeing them earlier from the clutches of Kamsa. 

Sri Krishna gave mukti even to the archenemy Shishupala. Every Kaurava who saw the Lord on the battlefield while dying was liberated. That is His grace! He spoke with such humility and respect to his grandfather King Ugrasena! From Sri Krishna, one has to learn humility and efficiency in service.

Look at the way Sri Krishna gave mukti to Putana who came to feed him deadly poison! All the demons who came to hurt Sri Krishna had earned merit by thinking of him intensely!

परीतो वत्सपैर्वत्सांस्चारयन् व्यहरद्विभुः। यमुनोपवने कूजद्द्विजसङ्कुलिताङ्घ्रिपे ॥
T: Surrounded by cowherd boys and calves, the Lord travelled on Yamuna’s bank, through gardens full of the call of birds. He was then known only in Gokula and regaled everyone with his magical flute play. Yet he could destroy the evil ones sent by Kamsa to harm him like a child breaks dolls.

He cleansed the Yamuna’s poisonous waters by taming the deadly serpent king Kaliya. He taught a lesson to Lord Indra, protecting the people by lifting Govardhana Mountain to save them from the fatal deluge that Indra unleashed. He sported with the gopis in the autumnal full moon, singing and dancing!


***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥




Friday, September 23, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam III. 01 - 23 September 2022


॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Friday, 23 September 2022 - The first chapter of the third Skandha- Vidura on his extensive pilgrimage arrives at Prabhasa and enquires from Uddhava about everyone’s welfare, especially of Sri Krishna.

***
Sage Shuka said, “Oh King, the questions you posed were the same posed by Vidura to Sage Maitreya. He had left Hastinapura and gone on a pilgrimage.”

***

King Dhṛtarāṣṭra became really blind as he allowed all the sinful actions of his sons.

यदा सभायां कुरुदेवदेव्या: केशाभिमर्शं सुतकर्म गर्ह्यम् ।
न वारयामास नृप: स्‍नुषाया: स्वास्रैर्हरन्त्या: कुचकुङ्कुमानि ॥

T: “The King did not stop his son Duhshasana’s abominable act of grabbing the hair of Draupadi, the wife of the godly King Yudhishthira, in his court, even as her tears washed the vermillion dust on her breast.”

“Yudhishthira had no enemies. He went righteously to the forest during banishment and on his return requested King Dhritarashtra for his rightful share of the kingdom. Neither did the King accede nor entertain Sri Krishna properly when he came as an emissary.”

“After that event, when Vidura was consulted, he advised what was righteous and proper for the welfare of Hastinapura. The portion of the kingdom which had been Pandavas' had to be restored to the Pandavas. He pointed out that Sri Krishna was championing the rights of the Pandavas and the entire world’s army was behind him. But Duryodhana who was with his brothers, Karna, and Shakuni insulted Vidura abominably.”

स एष दोषः पुरुषद्विडास्ते गृहान् प्रविष्टो यमपत्यमत्या। 
पुष्णासि कृषणाद्विमुखो गतश्रीः त्यजाश्चशैवं कुलकौशलाय॥
T: Duryodhana spoke to his father: “Who invited this Vidura to come and give his advice when he is disloyal to us even after we have fed him thus far? Vidura spies for Pandavas! Throw him out at once with nothing except his breath!”

***

In that most critical moment, Vidura quietly left the palace placing his ministerial insignia at its doorwat and left on a long pilgrimage as a mendicant, meditating on Sri Krishna. He visited many holy places like Mathura, Ayodhya and Dwaraka. Thereafter he passed through very wealthy provinces like Surat, Sauvira and Matsya and through western India, known as Kurujangala. At last, he reached the bank of the Yamuna, where he met Uddhava, the great devotee of Sri Krishna.

Embracing Uddhava, who was a dear companion of Sri Krishna and a disciple of Brihaspati, Vidura enquired with much feeling about the welfare of Sri Krishna and his family.

“Uddhava, please tell me how is Sri Krishna! He cares so much for the Pandavas and is so kind to his sisters as well as affectionate to his wives. How is the valiant Pradyumna, born to Rukmini? How is Samba, once born as Karttikeya to Shiva, now the son of Jambavati? How is Ugrasena? How is Yuyutsu? How is Akrura, so devoted to Sri Krishna? Is the blessed mother of Sri Krishna, Devaki, well? How is Aniruddha? "

"Is King Yudhishthira maintaining the kingdom according to Dharma? Duryodhana opposed him so much and Sri Krishna and Arjuna were his protective arms. How is Bhima with his mace? How is Arjuna with his Gandiva?  How are Nakula and Sahadeva? How is Devi Kunti who has undergone so much suffering after the death of the glorious king Pandu."

“I am not surprised at Dhritarashthra’s misdeeds as I now know that only by the Lord’s grace does one travel on the difficult path of Dharma. And yet Sri Krishna gave a long rope to him and the Kauravas.”

“Uddhava, I now know that the Lord takes an incarnation only to remedy the imbalance in Dharma. Therefore I urge you to pray devotedly to the Lord and chant His glories always. I know that Sri Krishna was born only to take care of the Yadus.”

***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥



Thursday, September 22, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam II.10 - 22 September 2022



॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Thursday, 22 September 2022 - The tenth and concluding chapter of the second Skandha- Sage Shuka describes the ten subjects of Srimad Bhagavatam.

I found this chapter rather challenging and shall try my best to capture the plethora of concepts.

***
अत्र सर्गो विसर्गश्च स्थानं पोषणमूतयः। मन्वन्तरेशानुकथा निरोधो मुक्तिराश्रयः॥
दशमस्य विशुद्धर्थं नवानामिह लक्षणम्। वर्णयन्ति महात्मानः श्रुतेनार्थेन चाञ्जसा॥
T: Ten important subjects make up the content of Srimad Bhagavatam. These are

  1. Sarga - By Divine Will, Prakriti is disturbed to give rise to the Viradrupa (cosmic form) made up of the five categories resulting in the elements, from the Mahattattva.
  2. Visarga - Brahma creates various beings.
  3. Sthana - The Lord’s activities in sustaining and maintaining the creation.
  4. Poshana - His granting protection to devotees and ameliorating their lot. 
  5. Manvantara - The laws of righteous living exemplified by great beings.
  6. Uti - The seeds of Karma that drive behaviour.
  7. Ishanukatha - Stories of Sri Hari’s incarnations and the lives of His devotees.
  8. Nirodha - When Maha Vishnu dissolves all bodies and material aspects but the Jivas remain in seed form storing their tendencies and He goes into Yoga Nidra.
  9. Mukti - the Jiva merges and abides in his true state going beyond attachments and false elements.
  10. Ashraya - Also called Paramatma or Brahman, this is the Lord out of whom everything emerges and in whom everything dissolves.

The wise, holy sages state that the most important content of Srimad Bhagavatam is a description of the Supreme Being called Ashraya and all other components are only to clarify that concept of Ashraya.  Ashraya is described directly in various prayers and hymns in this scripture and indirectly conveyed in the various narratives.

***

Adhyatmika, Adhidaivika and Adhibhautika are the three aspects of every living creature. An example will make this easy to understand. If a living being has the faculty of sight through eyes, the Adhyatmika is the life spirit that enlivens that faculty. The Adhidaivika is the phenomenon of light, the process of optical perception — forces controlled by the deities. Adhibhautika is the material structure of the vision system from the eye to the brain, made up of the five elements.

These three function together only under the witnessing eye of the Paramatma Ashraya whose presence makes the phenomenon possible. He is the support of all, and He has no support for Himself.

***

Virat Purusha broke open the Anda (cosmic egg) and created the seminal waters called Garbhodakam to reside in. As He lay in these waters, He came to be called Narayana (one who dwells in waters called नार Naara). Naara came from Nara i.e. the Virat Purusha who created those waters.

***
The five elements, Karma (Cause-Effect chain), Kala (Time), manifest Prakriti (Nature) and Jiva -the experiencer of life, are all created by His will and cease to be when He decides so. It was He who wanted to create and therefore divided His seed (Viryam Hiranmayam) into the threesome Adhyatmika-Adhidaivika-Adhibhautika.

***

Prana is the activating force of life, and it is derived from sense power (Ojas), mental power (Sahah) and physical power (Bala). This Prana is also the Sutratma or the collective self, running through all individuals. He is like the king and the living beings are like the subjects who can function only in his presence and on his orders.

***

The Lord manifested the face when He felt hunger and thirst. From His mouth came the tongue and the phenomenon of six tastes- rasa. Varuna is its presiding deity, Indriya is the organ of taste. Similarly, other organs came into existence. For example, Agni or Vahni created speech. Vayu emerged with the sense of smell. Surya and sight came next. When the Lord wanted to hear the hymns of the sages, He developed ears with the deity Dik.

Oshadhi, touch, softness, skin etc. followed. The Lord wanted to act, so arms and their deity Indra then emerged. Legs and their deity Yajna came next. Prajapati and the reproductive system came next. Mitra came to take care of excretion. The navel and Apana came into being to set in motion the phenomenon of the death of a body and the migration of Jiva. The rivers and oceans are his stomach, Atmamaya emerged as the heart.

***

Body parts like skin, flesh and bone come from Earth, Water and Fire. Prana comes from Akasha, Water and Wind. Indriyas come from Rajoguna. Manas is the abode of feelings and emotions. Buddhi is the abode of rational understanding.

The eight layers of the Lord are thus the five elements, Ahankara and Mahattattva and Prakriti.

***
The gross manifestations described thus far have behind them the subtle manifestation of the Lord, which is eternal and which cannot be perceived by anyone physically or mentally ever. 

अमुनी भगवद्रूपे मया ते अनुवर्णिते। उभे अपि न गृह्णन्ति मायासृष्टे विपश्चितः॥
स वाच्यवाचकतया भगवान् ब्रह्मरूपधृक्। नामरूपक्रिया धत्ते सकर्माकर्मकः परः॥
T: “Oh, Parikshit! These two forms described so far, as the gross and subtle manifestations, are rejected as both falling in the domain of Maya, by the true seer devoteers.”
“The wonder is that it is He alone, who is both the doer and the non-doer, who as Brahma creates the variegated thoughts, forms, and experiences.”

Sage Shuka lists a whole list of different beings and species of creation saying all of them have been created in this way alone. The interplay of the three Gunas, viz. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas keep the world going. The men of realization know that these phenomena are not what define the Lord, as He is truly Transcendental. It is only his Maya that accounts for all creation and experience.

***

The sages in Naimisharanya, headed by Shaunaka, now ask the Suta to tell them the interesting story of Vidura, who did the extraordinary act of giving up all attachments to things and people of Hastinapura and went to Sage Maitreya. Where did he meet the rishi and what transpired?

This leads to the third Skandha.

***


॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥




Wednesday, September 21, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam II.09 - 21 September 2022


॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Wednesday, 21 September 2022 - The ninth chapter of the second Skandha- Shuka narrates how the Bhagavan gave His Darshan to Brahma and gave him the essence of Srimad Bhagavatam.


***
आत्ममायामृते राजन् परस्यानुभवात्मनः। नघतेतार्थसम्बन्धः स्वप्नद्रष्टुरिवाञ्जसा॥
बहुरूपा इवाभाति मायया बहुरूपया। रममाणो गुणेष्वस्या ममाहमिति मन्यते॥
T: “Oh, King, it is indeed the delusory power of Maya that makes one see the variety of things and lives around when their differentiation is entirely illusory. Just as a dreamer makes his attachments and associations with the unreal experiences he undergoes, and these disappear completely on his waking up, the soul when awakened at once goes beyond these material and bodily associations and attachments, which he is presently enjoying as “I and mine.”

आत्मतत्त्वविशुद्ध्यर्थं यदाह भगवानृतम्। भ्रह्मणे दर्शयन् रूपमव्यलीकव्रतादृतः॥
T: “When Lord Brahma meditated intensely with devotion, Bhagavan revealed His glory and His abode and also taught him the eternal truth of how Jiva can obtain release from bondage.”
 
***
“Lord Brahma is the first god. He creates and rules this world. When he came into being, he wondered what he should do and how he should go about it. Then he heard an unseen being's voice from the heavens speak the two syllables “Ta Pa”. Tapa indeed forms the core of all spiritual endeavour. So Brahma undertook a severe penance for a thousand divine years (several million human years) with intense devotion. At last, Bhagavan Maha Vishnu revealed Himself to him, saying He was greatly pleased with the way Brahma had heeded the unseen voice which was that of Maha Vishnu Himself extolling intense tapas to secure His revelation.”

“Lord Maha Vishnu revealed His Vaikuntha Loka to Brahma. It was a world free from the three Gunas (Sattva Rajas Tamas) and there was no suffering, delusion or fear. That world was free from Maya too. The Lord’s attendants themselves looked godly, each with four hands, and received prayer from all the gods and demons everywhere. The Goddess Sri (Maha Lakshmi) served the Lord with divine love and infinite grace, and recited prayers to Him sitting on her swing. Her prayers took the form of divinised bees that hovered around her, joining with their buzz which resonated with her prayer!”

भृत्यप्रसादाभिमुखं दृहासवं प्रसन्नहासारुणलोचनाननम् । किरइटिनं कुण्डलिनं चतुरभुजं पीताम्बरं वक्षसि लक्षितं श्रिया॥
T: “Lord Brahma beheld the infinitely beautiful and gracious form of Maha Vishnu, revealed only for the upliftment of His devotees, giving a most bewitching smile and looking with compassion and love from his rising sun-tinted eyes, with His diadem (crown), His ear-ornaments, with His four hands, and sporting Goddess Sri on His chest.”

“His twenty-five Vibhutis viz., Prakriti, Purusha, Mahattattva, Ahankara, Manas, the ten indriyas (of perception and action), the five Tannmatras, the five elements, were arrayed around Him as his attendants. The Lord was truly Ishwara with his six Bhagas - Aishwarya, Dharma, Kirti, Sri, Jnana and Vairagya, and yet these sat lightly on Him as He was indeed beyond all.
These six attributes are constant and complete only in Him, although they manifest in varying degrees in Jivas fleetingly. The Lord can be described as the true embodiment of eternal bliss.”

“After this vision, Lord Brahma was experiencing indescribable joy and gratitude. He shed tears of bliss, and bowed low at the Lord’s lotus feet.”

“The Lord was satisfied that Brahma was now ready and qualified to undertake the job of creation. He touched Brahma lovingly and spoke:

“Dear Brahma, you, who hold the Vedas within yourself in latent form, have pleased Me immensely with your intense and devoted tapas. You can ask of Me any boon! But know that this vision of Mine can come only to those who have transcended material wants. This vision is the summum bonum of all existence. You followed my order to perform “Tapa” even before you saw Me. Know indeed that “Tapa” was needed to be performed for you to be qualified to undertake the task of creation. Know that “Tapa” is indeed I alone! I create, sustain and dissolve all existence only through “Tapa”.”

“Brahma spoke: “Oh Lord, You dwell as the Inner Witness of all and so know every thought and deed. So You know my desire to know You in Your dual forms of Saguna and Nirguna (with form and without). I also want to understand Your Maya power with which You create, sustain and dissolve everything. This is Your divine play. More than anything else, I don’t want to be caught up in the world I am going to create! So please teach me how to remain above Maya. You have held my hand as a dear friend. So please guide me so that I don’t develop the attachment of doer-ship in my creative role!”

The answer Bhagavan gave Brahma is often called the Chatusshloki Bhagavatam, meaning the core teaching or essence of the scripture condensed from around 16,000 shlokas into just four.

***

The Bhagavan spoke.

“Oh, Brahma, what I am going to tell you is the most hidden truth, the greatest of science, and can be discovered only by devotion. Receive it with full attention. What are my attributes, forms and activities? What is the core truth in them all? Know that, by My grace.”

अहमेवासमेवाग्रे नान्यद् यत्सदसदसत्परम्। पश्चादहं यदेतच्चयोऽवशिष्येत सोऽस्म्यहम्॥
ऋतेऽर्थं यत्प्रतीयेत न प्रतीयेत चात्मनि। तद्विद्यादात्मनो मायां यथाभासो यथा तमः॥
यथा महान्ति बूतानि बूतेषूच्चावचेष्वनु। प्रविष्टाप्रविष्टानि तथा तेषु न तेष्वहम्॥
एतावदेव जिज्ञास्यं तत्तवजिज्ञासुनात्मनः। अन्वयव्यतिरेकाभ्यां यत् स्यात्सर्वत्र सर्वदा॥
T: “Before creation, and after dissolution, I alone was. I mean beyond the gross and subtle aspects of existence. Whatever is created is from Myself, as nothing exists outside of Me, despite appearing to be separate and bound by cause and effect principles.”
“Whatever appears superimposed on Atman, remains separate, and leaves no residue behind when it goes, leaving Atman alone. This phenomenon is due to My divine power, Maya. All these appearances are like reflections or shadows, with my substance.”

“The great basic elements constitute all Nature by combining in various ways to take on the resultant properties, but indeed the basic elements remain separate from the objects of Nature. Similarly I constitute all beings, by entering into them, and yet I remain pristine as I am not affected by the beings.”

“The seeker of Truth should realize the core essence that remains constant, unaffected, and pure despite being a part of the manifestations during their existence. That core is the Pure Spirit - it is eternal, unaffected and ultimate.”

“Practise the highest samadhi and absorb yourself totally in Me. As such perform according to my orders, and you shall remain unaffected during all the cycles of creation that you engage in.”

***

“Bhagavan Maha Vishnu, Sri Hari, after giving this instruction, vanished from Lord Brahma’s vision. Saluting the Lord within, Brahma started the process of creation. His spiritual son Sage Narada served him ardently during this period. Brahma taught Narada the holy scripture of Srimad Bhagavatam, which Narada in turn gave Sage Vyasa on the bank of the Saraswati river. The Bhagavatam captures all the answers to the questions you have asked, Oh, King Parikshit!”

***


॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥




Tuesday, September 20, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam II.08 - 20 September 2022



॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Tuesday, 20 September 2022 - The eighth chapter of the second Skandha- King Parikshit has several questions for which he seeks answers from the gracious sage, Shuka.

The best story is one where you identify yourself with the protagonist and pretty much think and act as he does, at least in your mind.

If we were to do so, what would be the condition of King Parikshit? The immediacy and the utter palpability of his own impending demise will obviously occupy his mind. But he feels most blessed that a sage like Shuka has graciously come to tell him the divine and liberating scripture Srimad Bhagavatam. This has been most engrossing and contains unbelievable imagery and incredible stories of the Lord. A keen listener will have several questions beginning with how, why, where, when and so on. This is precisely the content of this chapter!

***
ब्रह्मणा चोदितो ब्रह्मन्गुणाक्यानेऽगुणस्य च। यस्मै यस्मै यथा प्राह नारदो देवदर्शनः॥
कथयस्व महाभाग यथाहमखिलात्मनि। कृष्णे निवेश्य मनस्त्यक्ष्ये कलेवरम्॥
T: “Oh holy Brahmin! You have said that Lord Brahma inspired Sage Narada to go around the sanctifying stories of the Lord, describing His attributes, when indeed He is also beyond attributes! I know Sage Narada has realised God. How did he go around telling these stories, and to whom?”
“Oh, blessed sir, I beseech you to tell me the path by which I can enter my mind fully in the Universal Supersoul, Bhagavan Sri Krishna, and relinquish my body thereafter.”

“Those who listen with whole-hearted devotion the Srimad Bhagavatam will quickly manifest the Lord in their hearts. He will cleanse their hearts like the autumn season that clears the waters muddied during the rains.”

“The five elements go into all material creation, but yet remain separate from each individual piece of matter. Similarly, the Lord creates everything and you have said He stays separate. How does this happen? How does the Lord get a body? Is it by accident or by some cause? How does the Lord remain separate and untouched by His own energy?"

“You have stated that the different gods and the different worlds (Lokas) constitute the body of the Virat Purusha. But what is their actual position?”

“And coming to Time, please explain the time cycle of creation, sustenance and dissolution, and how the past, present and future co-exist. Also, please explain the longevity of different beings.”

“How do the Gunas mix, influence man’s Karma, produce results, and reconstitute themselves in him?”

“Indeed, Sir, I am so eager to know in detail about all the Lord’s incarnations!”

“What are the societal norms for a man’s normal conduct? What are specific duties based on one’s status in life? How should royal sages function? How should one in distress behave?  Coming to the great mystics, and what is their ultimate realisation? How does the perfect mystic become detached from the subtle astral body?”

“How does economic development take place? How do people fulfil their material wants?”

“How do living beings come into existence, and how are they annihilated?”

“What is the structure and hierarchy of Vedas, supplementary scriptures, and the Puranas?” 

“What is the role of liberated beings? And what are the procedures to be followed for the establishment of religion, economic development and opportunities for sense gratification in society?"

सर्वमेतच्च भगवन् पृच्छते मेऽनुपूर्वशः । तत्त्वतोऽर्हस्युदाहर्तुं प्रपन्नाय महामुने॥
अत्र प्रमाणं हि भवान्परमेष्ठी यथात्मभूः। परे चेहानुतिष्ठन्ति पूर्वेषां पूर्वजैः कृतम्॥
T: “Oh, great sage! Whatever questions I have asked thus far (and those that remain unasked) are worthy of your kind answers, as I am surrendered to you. You are as much an authority as Lord Brahma, the creator who was himself not born in the usual way! I am not like those who simply follow as a ritual whatever were the practices of their predecessors.”

न मेऽसवः परायन्ति ब्रह्मन्ननशनादमी। पिबतोऽच्युतपीयूषमन्यत्र कुपिताद्विजात्॥
T: “Respected sage, my life-energies are not affected by my abstaining from food and drink all this time, because I am constantly drinking the nectar of your stories of Bhagavan! I am also least bothered that I was cursed by that Brahmin for my transgression.”

The great sage Shuka was immensely pleased by King Parikshit’s dispassionate mindset, his eager seeking, his preparedness, and all his questions. He began to answer those questions.

***

॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥




Monday, September 19, 2022

Srimad Bhagavatam II.07 - 19 September 2022



॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥

Monday, 19 September 2022 - The seventh chapter of the second Skandha- Lord Brahma lists Maha Vishnu’s Lilavataras (incarnations).

***
Sage Narada has been known to be one of the greatest devotees of Maha Vishnu and he appears often in all epics describing the creative sport of his chosen deity, Sriman Narayana or Maha Vishnu, to devotees and those in difficulties. Where did Narada himself gather all these stories?

We begin to understand that it was from Lord Brahma, his father and the first creation of Maha Vishnu. 

Lord Brahma lists the various avataras or incarnations of Maha Vishnu, each aimed to fulfil a specific purpose.

***
यत्रोद्यतः क्षितितलोद्धरणाय बिभ्रत् क्रौडीं तनुं सकलयज्ञमयीमन्नतः।
अन्तर्महार्णव उपागतमादिदैत्यं तं दंष्ट्रयाद्रिमिव वज्रधरो ददार॥
T: “He took the sacred form of the boar, an embodiment of all yajnas, with fierce tusks, that plunged to the depths of the ocean to tear apart the original daitya (demon) Hiranyaksha and retrive Mother Earth whom the demon has hidden away.”

“Maha Vishnu got the name Hari from Swayambhuva Manu when He resolved the conflict in the three worlds by becoming Suyajna who married Dakshina and begot the gods called Suyamas to accomplish the mission.”

“Born as Muni Kapila to Devahuti, He taught her the fundamental truth about life and liberation.”

“When Sage Atri’s spiritually advanced wife Sati Anasuya prayed to Him, Maha Vishnu took birth as her son, Dattatreya.  King Yadu and many others were blessed with Yoga when they worshipped Dattatreya’s sacred feet.”

“Indeed, to instruct everyone about Tapas (austerity), He took birth as Brahma’s four sons Sanaka, Sanandana, Sanatkumara and Sanatsujata. The word Sana means Tapas. As the four divine sages of eternal youth, He revived the forgotten science of Tapas in the next Kalpa (aeon) and taught it as the goal and method of austerities for the sages.”

“Born as Nara-Narayana, He performed the most incredible Tapas. Indra’s attempt to disturb that Tapas and tempt the duo by sending divine damsels, Apsaras, failed miserably. They were unlike other meditators who were able to conquer lust but in turn, manifested rage (an equally low trap for meditators). They created Urvashi, the answer to all celestial beauties, and gifted her to Indra!”

“It was Narayana who blessed the five-year-old Prince Dhruva and gave him the status of the pole star.”

“As Prithu, he saved his father Vena from hell, and gave rise to the epithet Putra which means “one’s worthy son who saves one from hell by his righteousness.” In the same incarnation, He made Mother Earth the giver of plenty like the divine wish-fulfilling cow, and earned her the name ‘Vasundhara” which means one who supports creation by her munificence.”

“As Rishabhadeva, He established the gold standard for Yoga and its accomplishment that confers the title of Paramahamsa and Avadhuta.”

“In fact, dear Narada, in my own yajna, Maha Vishnu came as the divine horse Hayagriva who embodied all the Vedas and all divinities. The Vedas emerged from the exhalation of that horse!”

“In another aeon, He saved all life by becoming the divine giant fish Matsya who pulled the boat of creation and saved it from the cosmic deluge. This saved the Vedas from being lost forever in that flood.”

क्षीरोदधावमरदानवयूथपानामुन्मथ्नताममृतलब्धय आदिदेव: ।
पृष्ठेन कच्छपवपुर्विदधार गोत्रं निद्राक्षणोऽद्रिपरिवर्तकषाणकण्डू: ॥
T: In that famous churning of the milky ocean by gods and demons, they used the mountain Meru for the churning rod. It could not be supported by anyone until Maha Vishnu took the form of the divine Tortoise Kurma and balanced the mountain on His back, suffering much scratching!”

“As the incredible Lord Narasimha, He came to save Prahlada and destroy the evil Hiranyakashipu with His bare claws.”

“When Gajendra the elephant, on being caught in the jaws of a crocodile, prayed to the Lord Maha Vishnu, He flew at once on Garuda and used his Chakra to destroy the crocodile and save the devotee who was in the form of an elephant.”

“As Aditi’s midget son Vamana, He taught a lesson to the demon king Bali swollen with pride about his own charity. But Bali proved his own merit by offering his own head for the third step to be placed upon by the Lord.”

तुभ्यं च नारद भृशं भगवान् विवृद्ध्भावेन साधुपरितुष्ट उवाच योगम् ।
ज्ञानं च भागवतमात्मसतत्त्वदीपं यद्वासुदेवशरणा विदुरञ्जसैव ॥
T: “Oh, Narada, as Hamsa, the Lord has Himself taught you the Yoga for liberation. When you teach the sages this sacred science, it will be internalised and benefit all true devotees of Vasudeva.”

धन्वन्तरिश्च भगवान् स्वयमेव कीर्तिर्नाम्ना नृणां पुरुरुजां रुज आशु हन्ति ।
यज्ञे च भागममृतायुरवावरुन्ध आयुष्यवेदमनुशास्त्यवतीर्य लोके ॥
T: “As Dhanvantari, the Lord cures diseases and restores health only by the mere chanting of His holy name. He indeed it was that gave the world the science of longevity called Ayurveda.”

“As Bhargava Parashurama, He taught a lesson to the despotic and unprincipled Kshatriyas by annihilating them.”

अस्मत्प्रसादसुमुख: कलया कलेश इक्ष्वाकुवंश अवतीर्य गुरोर्निदेशे ।
तिष्ठन् वनं सदयितानुज आविवेश यस्मिन् विरुध्य दशकन्धर आर्तिमार्च्छत् ॥
T: “The Lord, out of His infinite mercy, took birth as Sri Rama and his three brothers, and also as Devi Sita through His Maya. When Ravana transgressed by abducting Devi Sita, Sri Rama destroyed him and saved Dharma. In fact, on the battlefield, Ravana was vanquished by the mere twanging of the Lord’s bow!”

“The Lord will take birth in future as Balarama and Sri Krishna to save the earth from devilish marauders. He will perform several Lilas. He will vanquish many demons sent by Kamsa. He will destroy Kamsa and restore Dharma. He will tame the terrible serpent Kaliya in the Yamuna. He will allow as a child his mother to even tie Him up as a punishment for His mischief! At the age of seven, He will lift the Govardhana mountain to teach Indra a lesson! He will play bewitchingly on His flute. He will sport with the Gopis in Rasa. In fact, all the evil kings will be subdued personally, or through Balarama, or Bhima and Arjuna.”

“He will be born as Vyasa, son of Satyavati, to help restore the Vedas by structuring them and making them amenable to study for the people who would have lost their edge in learning.”

“As Buddha, He will take care of daityas who would be tormenting people by misusing Vedas. He will do so as His sole objective is to uplift mankind.”

“Eventually, at the end of Kali, people will abandon Dharma and stop practising the chanting of His holy name, They will abandon the good yajnas. Then the Lord will come as Kalki to dissolve the creation and wipe the slate clean, as it were.”

“These Vibhutis or Avataras with special missions will come to create, protect and dissolve creation as and when the Lord deems it fit."

“He cannot be understood by anyone- me, or the Sanatkumaras, or anyone else. Prayer and devotion are the way to realise His grace. This is known to the many devotees I have mentioned. Many royal sages like Janaka, Gadhi (Vishwamitra)  Vibhishana, Hanuman, Dhruva, Prahlada, Arjuna, and so on will also realise this path. Even people of various races, and those with low status in society, and many others, can acquire merit through devotion.”

इदं भागवतं नाम यन्मे भगवतोदितम् । संग्रहोऽयं विभूतीनां त्वमेतद् विपुलीकुरु ॥
यथा हरौ भगवति नृणां भक्तिर्भविष्यति । सर्वात्मन्यखिलाधारे इति सङ्कल्प्य वर्णय ॥
T: “Dear son, Narada, this is the Lord’s story called Srimad Bhagavatam that I have narrated in brief to you.You can expand this. With the goal of instilling pure devotion in men’s hearts for the Lord, and for them to realise that He alone is the inner support for all souls, go everywhere and propagate the Bhagavatam well.”

***
॥ ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ॥